Create Users in Linux: adduser vs useradd (With Examples)
Create Linux users with adduser and useradd, set passwords, home directories and shells, add sudo rights, create system users for services, and delete users.
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Linux
Linux server administration: Debian, Ubuntu, AlmaLinux, storage, performance and troubleshooting.
How to Find Large Files on Linux (find, du, ncdu)
Find the biggest files and directories on a Linux server with find, du, sort and ncdu, including deleted-but-open files and common space hogs to check.
Bash Error Handling: set -euo pipefail, trap and Exit Codes
Make Bash scripts fail safely: exit codes, set -e and its pitfalls, set -u, pipefail, trap for cleanup and error reporting, retries, and ShellCheck.
How to Use 7-Zip on Linux: Install, Compress, Extract, Encrypt
Use 7-Zip on Linux servers: install 7zip or p7zip, create and extract .7z and .zip archives, AES-256 passwords with encrypted names, split volumes, levels.
AlmaLinux Initial Server Setup: First Steps After Install
Set up a fresh AlmaLinux server: dnf updates, a sudo user, SSH keys, firewalld, SELinux, EPEL, automatic security updates and time sync.
Ubuntu 24.04 Initial Server Setup: Users, SSH, Firewall
Secure a new Ubuntu 24.04 VPS step by step: a sudo user, SSH keys, the UFW firewall, automatic security updates and swap.
tr Command in Linux: Translate, Squeeze and Delete Characters
Use tr to change case, replace or delete characters, squeeze repeated spaces, strip Windows line endings, and generate random strings, with clear examples.
Linux HugePages and Transparent Huge Pages (THP) for Databases
HugePages and Transparent Huge Pages explained: why Redis, PostgreSQL and MongoDB care, checking THP, setting madvise or never, and static HugePages.
Manage Dotfiles Across Servers With Git, Stow and chezmoi
Keep shell and editor configs consistent on every server: a dotfiles Git repo, GNU Stow symlinks, chezmoi templates, new VPS setup, no secrets.
Install Zsh and Oh My Zsh on Linux: Setup, Themes, Plugins
Set up zsh with Oh My Zsh on a Linux server: install, make it your shell, pick a theme, useful plugins like autosuggestions, keep it fast, stay safe.
Linux Device Files Explained: /dev, Block vs Character Devices
Understand /dev on Linux: block vs character devices, disks like /dev/vda, partitions, /dev/null, /dev/zero and /dev/urandom, udev, lsblk, disk safety.
High CPU Usage on a Linux Server: Find and Fix the Cause
Fix 100% CPU on a VPS: find the process with top and ps, user vs system vs steal time, PHP-FPM and MySQL hogs, bots, crypto-miners, lasting fixes.
wget Command: Download Files and Mirror Sites from the Terminal
Use wget to download files, resume transfers, run in the background, limit speed, authenticate, download lists of URLs and mirror websites recursively.
Count Files in a Directory on Linux (Recursively and by Type)
Count files and folders on Linux with ls, find and wc: recursive counts, counts by extension, per-directory totals, hidden files, inode usage, and hotspots.
Upgrade Ubuntu Server to the Next LTS with do-release-upgrade
Upgrade Ubuntu Server from one LTS to the next: back up, update first, run do-release-upgrade over SSH, handle config prompts and PPAs, then verify.
Bash read Command: Get User Input in Shell Scripts
Read user input in Bash with read: prompts, hidden passwords, timeouts, defaults, yes/no confirmations, reading files line by line, and splitting into fields.
xargs Command in Linux: Build Commands from Input (Examples)
Turn input into command arguments with xargs: handling spaces safely with -0, placing arguments with -I, batching with -n, running jobs in parallel with -P.
How /tmp Is Cleaned on Linux (systemd-tmpfiles) and Safe Cleanup
How Linux cleans /tmp and /var/tmp: tmpfs vs disk, systemd-tmpfiles rules, PrivateTmp, safely deleting old temp files, PHP sessions, caches, and security.
watch Command in Linux: Re-Run a Command Every Few Seconds
Monitor changing output with watch: set the interval, highlight differences, exit on change, use pipes and quotes correctly, with practical server examples.
Linux alias Command: Create Permanent Shortcuts in Bash
Create Bash aliases, make them permanent in .bashrc, use functions when you need arguments, bypass aliases, plus a list of useful server aliases.
Linux Rescue Mode: Fix a Server That Will Not Boot
Recover an unbootable Linux server from the VNC console: emergency and rescue modes, reset a lost root password, fix fstab, and when to reinstall.
Linux Log Files Explained: What Is in /var/log and the Journal
Linux logs explained: syslog, auth.log, kern.log, package, web and database logs, the systemd journal, reading them efficiently, rotation, and disk space.
Linux Network Namespaces With ip netns: Hands-On Guide
Create isolated network stacks with ip netns: veth pairs, NAT to the internet, running apps inside, and how Docker and per-app VPN routing use namespaces.
Check Disk Health with smartctl (SMART) on Linux Servers
Use smartmontools to read SMART data on SATA and NVMe drives, interpret reallocated sectors and wear, run self-tests, and set up smartd alerts.