restic Backup Tutorial: Encrypted, Deduplicated Server Backups
Back up a Linux server with restic: S3, SFTP or local repositories, backups and excludes, forget and prune retention, restores, checks, automation.
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Linux
Linux server administration: Debian, Ubuntu, AlmaLinux, storage, performance and troubleshooting.
dnf and yum Commands for AlmaLinux, Rocky and RHEL
Manage packages on AlmaLinux, Rocky Linux, RHEL and Fedora with dnf: install, update, search, groups, modules, EPEL, history and rollback, and version locks.
head and tail Commands: View the Start or End of Files
Use head and tail to show the first or last lines of files, follow logs live with tail -f and -F, follow several logs at once and extract a range of lines.
Linux Namespaces Explained: The Building Blocks of Containers
Linux namespaces explained: PID, network, mount, UTS, IPC and user namespaces, how containers use them, lsns, unshare and nsenter, and security notes.
Common Debian Server Errors and How to Fix Them
Fixes for common Debian server errors: apt locks, broken packages, GPG keys, full disks, read-only filesystems, failed services, DNS and SSH lockouts.
Debian Backup and Disaster Recovery: A Practical Plan
A practical backup and recovery plan for Debian: what to back up, the 3-2-1 rule, database dumps, encrypted off-site restic backups and restore tests.
Verify Files With Checksums on Linux: sha256sum, md5sum, GPG
Check file integrity on Linux: generate and verify SHA-256 and MD5 checksums, check downloads, verify many files at once, and confirm authenticity with GPG.
Linux Pipes and Redirection: stdin, stdout, stderr Explained
Linux streams and redirection explained: stdin, stdout, stderr, >, >>, 2>&1, here-docs, pipes, tee and /dev/null, with practical examples for logs and cron.
Debian Network Configuration for Beginners: IPs and DNS
How networking works on Debian servers: find interfaces, set static IPs in /etc/network/interfaces, configure DNS, add IPs and troubleshoot.
ln Command: Create Symbolic and Hard Links in Linux
Create symbolic and hard links with ln, understand the difference, update and remove links, find broken links, and use symlinks for releases and configs.
Hold or Pin Package Versions on Linux: apt-mark, APT Pinning, dnf
Stop specific packages from upgrading: apt-mark hold, APT preferences and pin priorities, pinning third-party repos, dnf versionlock, and when to unpin.
User and Permission Management on Debian: A Step-by-Step Guide
Manage users and groups on Debian, grant sudo safely, understand permissions and ownership, use shared folders and ACLs, and audit accounts.
Debian Performance Tuning for High-Traffic Servers
Tune Debian for heavy traffic: find the bottleneck, then adjust file limits, kernel network settings, swap, disk I/O, Nginx and the database.
nohup and Background Jobs: Keep Commands Running After Logout
Run Linux commands in the background with &, manage jobs with bg, fg and jobs, survive SSH logout with nohup and disown, and know when to use tmux or systemd.
Debian Server Setup: Installation and First Configuration Steps
Install Debian 12 or 13 and configure it properly: updates, sudo user, SSH keys, firewall, time, swap, Fail2ban and automatic security updates.
tmux Tutorial: Keep SSH Sessions Alive and Split Your Terminal
Learn tmux for server work: sessions that survive disconnects, windows and panes, the key shortcuts, copy mode, a practical tmux.conf and common workflows.
Customize the Bash Prompt (PS1): Colors, Git Branch, Hostname
Make your bash prompt useful: PS1 escape codes, colors, user, host and path, a red prompt for root or production, exit codes, git branch, and Starship.
rsync Command: 20 Examples for Sync, Backup and Migration
Use rsync to copy and sync files locally and over SSH: archive mode, trailing slashes, --delete, excludes, dry runs, bandwidth limits, resume and backups.
The Linux Boot Process Explained: Firmware to systemd
Follow a Linux server from power-on to login: BIOS/UEFI, GRUB, kernel, initramfs and systemd, plus systemd-analyze to speed up and debug boots.
Check Login History on Linux: last, lastb, lastlog and journal
See who logged in to a Linux server and when: last and lastb, lastlog, SSH entries in auth.log and the journal, failed logins, reboots, and suspicious access.
Zombie Processes in Linux: What They Are and How to Clear Them
What zombie (defunct) processes are, finding them with ps, identifying the parent that is not reaping them, clearing them, and preventing them in Docker.
Linux Core Dumps: Enable, Find, Analyse and Clean Up
Work with core dumps on Linux: ulimit and systemd-coredump, coredumpctl list and debug, analysing crashes with gdb, limiting or disabling dumps, disk space.
cat Command in Linux: View, Combine and Create Files
Use cat to print files, number lines, show hidden characters, concatenate files, write files with heredocs, and know when less, head or tail are better.
Bash if, elif and else: Conditions and Tests Explained
Write Bash conditionals: if/elif/else, [ ] vs [[ ]], file, string and number tests, combining conditions, checking command success, and case statements.